Notes:

• 1) This taxonomic name has been effectively published but not validly published under the rules of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (Bacteriological Code).
• 2) 'Nom. rej.' (= nomen rejeciendum, = rejected name) refers to a name rejected in favor of a name conserved through procedures stipulated in the various Codes of Nomenclature.
• 3) rank = division
• 4) This taxonomic name has been effectively published but not validly published under the rules of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (Bacteriological Code).

Comments and References:

Oren A & Garrity GM (2021), PubMed: abstract Oren, A., and Garrity, G.M. "Valid publication of the names of forty-two phyla of prokaryotes." Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. (2021) 71(10):005056.

Whitman WB et al. (2018), PubMed: abstract Whitman, W.B., Oren, A., Chuvochina, M., da Costa, M.S., Garrity, G.M., Rainey, F.A., Rossello-Mora, R., Schink, B., Sutcliffe, I., Trujillo, M.E., and Ventura, S. "Proposal of the suffix -ota to denote phyla. Addendum to 'Proposal to include the rank of phylum in the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes'." Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. (2018) 68(3):967-969.

Oren A et al. (2015), PubMed: abstract Oren, A., da Costa, M.S., Garrity, G.M., Rainey, F.A., Rosselló-Móra, R., Schink, B., Sutcliffe, I., Trujillo, M.E., and Whitman, W.B. "Proposal to include the rank of phylum in the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes." Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. (2015) 65(11):4284-4287.

Skerman VBD et al. (1980) Skerman, V.B.D., McGowan, V., and Sneath, P.H.A. "Approved Lists of Bacterial Names." Intl. J. Syst. Bacteriol. (1980) 30(1):225-420.

Panda A et al. (2022), PubMed: abstract Panda, A., Islam, S.T., and Sharma, G. "Harmonizing prokaryotic nomenclature: Fixing the fuss over phylum name flipping." mBio (2022) 13(3):e0097022.

Ahmad S et al. (1999) Ahmad, S., Selvapandiyan, A., and Bhatnagar, R.K. "A protein-based phylogenetic tree for gram-positive bacteria derived from hrcA, a unique heat-shock regulatory gene." Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. (1999) 49:1387-1394.

Arahal DR et al. (2024), doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.006064 Arahal, D.R., Bull, C.T., Christensen, H., Chuvochina, M., Dedysh, S.N., Fournier, P.-E., Konstantinidis, K.T., Parker, C.T., Ventosa, A., Young, P., and Göker, M. "Judicial Opinion 129." Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. (2024) 74(2):006064. [N.B.: the request by Pallen (2023) to retain the name 'Firmicutes' for the phylum is rejected.]

Ahmad S et al. (2000b) Ahmad, S., Selvapandiyan, A., and Bhatnagar, R.K. "Phylogenetic analysis of gram-positive bacteria based on grpE, encoded by the dnaK operon." Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. (2000) 50:1761-1766.

Gibbons NE & Murray RGE (1978) Gibbons, N.E., and Murray, R.G.E. "Proposals concerning the higher taxa of bacteria." Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. (1978) 28(1):1-6. [No PubMed record available.]

Pallen MJ (2023), doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.005933 Pallen, M.J. "Request for an Opinion on the standing and retention of Firmicutes as a phylum name." Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. (2023) 73(7):005933.

Woese CR et al. (1985) Woese, C.R., Stackebrandt, E., Macke, T.J., and Fox, G.E. "A phylogenetic definition of the major eubacterial taxa." Syst. Appl. Microbiol. (1985) 6:143-151.

Wolf M et al. (2004) Wolf, M., Muller, T., Dandekar, T., and Pollack, J.D. "Phylogeny of Firmicutes with special reference to Mycoplasma (Mollicutes) as inferred from phosphoglycerate kinase amino acid sequence data." Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. (2004) 54:871-875. Published online 12 December 2003: DOI 10.1099/ijs.0.02868-0

Zhang W & Lu Z (2015) Zhang, W., and Lu, Z. "Phylogenomic evaluation of members above the species level within the phylum Firmicutes based on conserved proteins." Environ. Microbiol. Rep. (2015) 7:273-281.

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Disclaimer: The NCBI taxonomy database is not an authoritative source for nomenclature or classification - please consult the relevant scientific literature for the most reliable information.

Reference: How to cite this resource - Schoch CL, et al. NCBI Taxonomy: a comprehensive update on curation, resources and tools. Database (Oxford). 2020: baaa062. PubMed: 32761142 PMC: PMC7408187.