In recent years, the research on the human gut microbiome has emerged as a critical research priority[1]. The gut microbiota exists in a harmonious community within the human intestinal tract, where it metabolizes lipids, proteins, and indigestible substances while also producing short-chain fatty acids [2]. With advancements in 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene analysis of fecal samples, gut dysbiosis has been observed in various diseases including inflammatory bowel disease, pneumonia, mastitis, cancer, metabolic syndrome, and allergic diseases[3; 4]. Gut dysbiosis leads to the destruction of the intestinal mucosal barrier which can enhance susceptibility to pathogens and result in infection occurrence [5].
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