Contents

• Executive Summary
• I. Introduction
  • A. Motivation for the study and statement of the problem
  • B. Purpose of the environmental scan
  • C. Summary of methods
  • D. Key concepts and definitions
  • E. Organization of the report
• II. Populations of focus for COVID-19 testing and vaccination and routine vaccination programs
  • A. Summary of populations at disproportionate risk of COVID-19 and adverse outcomes
  • B. Barriers to COVID-19 testing, COVID-19 vaccination, and routine vaccination
  • C. Populations prioritized by programs reviewed in this environmental scan
• III. Key findings on COVID-19 testing
  • A. COVID-19 testing methods, types of tests, and reporting of test data
  • B. Changes in COVID-19 testing guidelines over time
  • C. COVID-19 testing programs
• IV. Key findings on COVID-19 vaccination
  • A. COVID-19 vaccine types and current vaccination guidelines
  • B. Changes in COVID-19 vaccination guidelines over time
  • C. Equity implications of vaccine distribution
  • D. COVID-19 Vaccination programs
• V. Key findings on routine vaccination
  • A. Routine vaccination guidelines, changes in vaccination rates during the COVID-19 pandemic, and pandemic-related barriers to routine vaccination
  • B. Routine vaccination programs
• VI. Programs' approaches to identifying populations and assessing performance
  • A. Data sources to identify populations at disproportionate risk
  • B. Metrics programs reported using to assess performance
• VII. Discussion
  • A. Key findings across testing and vaccination programs
  • B. Understanding programs' implementation experiences and performance
  • C. How these findings inform the survey and site visits for the study
• References
• Appendix A. Additional information on research methodology for the literature review
• Appendix B. Organizations included in key informant interviews
• Appendix C. Glossary of terms

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Arnold Chen, MD, MSc, Mathematica

Suzanne Felt-Lisk, MPA, Mathematica

Divya Gupta, MS, Mathematica

Yamai Jack, BA, Mathematica

Rosalind Keith, PhD, Mathematica

Lauren Maul, MA, Mathematica

Nikhil Tiwari, PhD, Mathematica

Madison Vincent, BA, Mathematica

Deliya Wesley, PhD, Mathematica

Members of the Expert Panel for the Best Practices for COVID-19 Testing and Vaccination Study

Project Officers and Project Leadership

Trinidad Beleche, PhD, ASPE

Deborah Porterfield, MD, MPH, ASPE

Susan Farrall, MPH, OASH

Sharon Arnold, PhD, ASPE

David Kim, MD, MA, OASH

Suggested citation:

Mathematica. E. Michaels, C. Alvarez, K. Bradley, A. Bosold, C. Staatz, R. Hsu, S. Hoag. BEST PRACTICES FOR COVID-19 TESTING AND VACCINATION: ENVIRONMENTAL SCAN REPORT. Report for the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. April 2023.