A Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain R27(T), was isolated from the moss Grimmia montana, collected from Beijing Songshan National Nature Reserve, China, and characterized by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The predominant fatty acids of strain R27(T) were C18:1ω7c (33.6%), C16:0 (16.3%), summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c; 15.8%) and C17:0 cyclo (8.7%) and its major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, three uncharacterized aminolipids and an unknown phospholipid. Strain R27(T) contained Q-8 as the dominant isoprenoid quinone and the G+C content of its genomic DNA was 64.6 mol%. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison, strain R27(T) showed 99.1% similarity to the closest related type strain, Burkholderia zhejiangensis OP-1(T), and 97.6% similarity to Burkholderia glathei ATCC 29195(T). However, the DNA-DNA relatedness between strain R27(T) and B. zhejiangensis CCTCC AB 2010354(T) and B. glathei ATCC 29195(T) was 10.2 and 14.9%, respectively. Based on 16S rRNA and rpoB gene sequence similarities and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain R27(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Burkholderia, for which the name Burkholderia grimmiae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is R27(T) (=CGMCC 1.11013(T) =DSM 25160(T)).