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SRX18085792: GSM6697323: FeS2-grown N2-fixing cells, biol rep 2; Methanococcus maripaludis; RNA-Seq
1 ILLUMINA (Illumina NovaSeq 6000) run: 18.2M spots, 5.4G bases, 1.7Gb downloads

External Id: GSM6697323_r1
Submitted by: Montana State University
Study: Influence of sulfide on diazotrophic growth of the methanogen Methanococcus maripaludis and its implications for the origin of nitrogenase
show Abstracthide Abstract
Methanogens inhabit euxinic (sulfide-rich) or ferruginous (iron-rich) environments that promote the precipitation of transition metals as metal sulfides, such as pyrite, reducing metal or sulfur availability. Such environments have been common throughout Earth's history raising the question as to how anaerobes obtain(ed) these elements for the synthesis of enzyme cofactors. Here, we show a methanogen can synthesize molybdenum nitrogenase metallocofactors from pyrite as the source of iron and sulfur, enabling nitrogen fixation. Pyrite-grown, nitrogen-fixing cells grow faster and require 25-fold less molybdenum than cells grown under euxinic conditions. Growth yields are 3 to 8 times higher in cultures grown under ferruginous relative to euxinic conditions. Physiological, transcriptomic, and geochemical data indicate these observations are due to sulfide-promoted metal limitation, in particular molybdenum. These findings suggest that molybdenum nitrogenase may have originated in a ferruginous environment that titrated sulfide to form pyrite, facilitating the availability of sufficient iron, sulfur, and molybdenum for cofactor biosynthesis. Overall design: Differential expression analysis of Methanococcus maripaludis strain S2 cells grown with different iron and sulfur sources (FeS2 vs Fe(II)/HS-) and with or without a fixed nitrogen source (NH3). Three replicate cultures were grown for each of the following growth conditions: 1. Fe(II)/HS N2-fixing, 2. Fe(II)/HS NH3-amended, 3. FeS2 N2-fixing, and 4. FeS2 NH3-amended.
Sample: FeS2-grown N2-fixing cells, biol rep 2
SAMN31530466 • SRS15589743 • All experiments • All runs
Library:
Name: GSM6697323
Instrument: Illumina NovaSeq 6000
Strategy: RNA-Seq
Source: TRANSCRIPTOMIC
Selection: cDNA
Layout: PAIRED
Construction protocol: To harvest biomass, M. mari S2 cells were harvested via cetnrifugation under an anoxic headspace. Supernatant was decanted and the cell pellets were flash frozen in liquid nitrogen. Frozen cells were then stored at -80 °C until processing. Total RNA from M. maripaludis was extracted using TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen) following the manufacturer's protocol with slight modification. One mL of TRIzol was added to cell pellets and the resuspended cells were transferred to Lysis E tubes (MP Biomedicals, Irvine, CA) on ice. The cell samples were mechanically lysed by three cycles of 40 sec of bead beating and five mins of rest at room temperature (~20 °C). After the lysis procedure, 200 µL of molecular grade chloroform was added, the tubes were mixed by inversion and allowed to incubate for three mins at room temperature. The tubes were then centrifuged for 15 mins at 12,000 x g at 4°C and the upper aqueous phase containing RNA was transferred by pipette into a clean two mL tube. RNA was precipitated by the addition of 0.5 mL of 100% molecular grade isopropanol that had been pre-chilled to 4°C followed by ten mins incubation on ice. RNA was then pelleted by centrifugation for ten mins at 12,000 x g at 4°C. The supernatant was removed by pipette, and the RNA was washed in one mL of 75 % molecular grade ethanol. RNA was pelleted by centrifugation for five mins at 7,500 x g at 4 °C, the supernatant was removed, and the RNA pellet was air dried for ten mins. Once dried, the RNA was resuspended in 50 µL of RNA-free H2O (Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA) by incubating at 55°C in a heat block for ten mins. RNA was treated to remove residual DNA by the addition of Turbo DNase (Invitrogen, Waltham, MA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The RNA was then subjected to a second round of precipitation, washing, drying, and resuspension steps as described above. Quality control was performed with a Bioanalyzer (Agilent, CA, USA), and rRNA reduction was performed with a RiboZero-Bacteria rRNA removal kit (Illumina, CA, USA) with the addition of custom M. maripaludis S2-specific oligos designed using the sequences for M. maripaludis S2's large and small ribosomal subunits. Stranded cDNA libraries were prepared from rRNA-depleted mRNA using the TruSeq Stranded Total and mRNA kit (Illumina, CA, USA).
Runs: 1 run, 18.2M spots, 5.4G bases, 1.7Gb
Run# of Spots# of BasesSizePublished
SRR2210583518,202,7375.4G1.7Gb2023-05-01

ID:
25052428

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